Aspect: Difference between revisions
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{{#tree:id=nl_tense|openlevels=0|root=Aspect (ASP)| | {{#tree:id=nl_tense|openlevels=0|root=Aspect (ASP)| | ||
*perfective ( | *perfective (PFV): completed | ||
*imperfective (NPFC): uncompleted | *imperfective (NPFC): uncompleted | ||
**continuative (CTN): continuous | **continuative (CTN): continuous | ||
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**habitual (HAB): habitual | **habitual (HAB): habitual | ||
**iterative (ITE): repetition | **iterative (ITE): repetition | ||
*perfect (PFC): relevance to the present | |||
**experiential perfect aspect (EXP) | |||
**perfect of persistent situation (PSS) | |||
**perfect of recent past (PRP) | |||
**perfect of result (RES) | |||
*inceptive (ICP): beginning | |||
*prospective (PPT): imminent | *prospective (PPT): imminent | ||
*terminative (TER): cessation | *terminative (TER): cessation | ||
}} | }} | ||
;Aspect is represented only when grammaticalized: | ;Aspect is represented only when grammaticalized: | ||
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;Aspect values may be combined through "&": | ;Aspect values may be combined through "&": | ||
:I am eating = progressive (PGS) | :I am eating = progressive (PGS) | ||
:I have eaten = | :I have eaten = perfect of persistent situation (PSS) | ||
:I have been eating = PGS&PSS | :I have been eating = PGS&PSS | ||
Revision as of 17:05, 15 January 2010
Aspect is a category used to indicate the temporal internal structure of an event.
Natural language
In the UNLarium, the attribute aspect may assume the following values:
{{#tree:id=nl_tense|openlevels=0|root=Aspect (ASP)|
- perfective (PFV): completed
- imperfective (NPFC): uncompleted
- continuative (CTN): continuous
- progressive (PGS): ongoing
- habitual (HAB): habitual
- iterative (ITE): repetition
- continuative (CTN): continuous
- perfect (PFC): relevance to the present
- experiential perfect aspect (EXP)
- perfect of persistent situation (PSS)
- perfect of recent past (PRP)
- perfect of result (RES)
- inceptive (ICP): beginning
- prospective (PPT): imminent
- terminative (TER): cessation
}}
- Aspect is represented only when grammaticalized
- It sparkled = perfective (and not iterative)
- Aspect values may be combined through "&"
- I am eating = progressive (PGS)
- I have eaten = perfect of persistent situation (PSS)
- I have been eating = PGS&PSS
Examples
List of verb forms:
UNL
In UNL, aspect is to be represented by attributes indicating the temporal internal structure of the event.
{{#tree:id=unl_aspect|openlevels=0|root=Aspect|
- @continuative: continuous
- @experiential: experience
- @habitual: habitual
- @imperfective: uncompleted
- @inceptive: beginning
- @iterative: repetition
- @perfective: completed
- @progressive: ongoing
- @prospective: imminent
- @terminative: cessation
}}
- Aspect values may be combined.
- I start to eat = eat.@inceptive
- I'm starting to eat = eat.@inceptive.@progressive
Examples
- @continuative: I'm still eating the apple.
- @experiential: I have already eaten an apple
- @habitual: I eat apples.
- @imperfective: I was eating the apple (when she came).
- @inceptive: I start eating the apple.
- @iterative: I ate and ate the apple.
- @perfective: I ate the apple.
- @progressive: I'm eating the apple.
- @prospective: I'm about to eat the apple.
- @terminative: I finished eating the apple.
List of verb forms:
